Gatekeeping

From Telephone Unbundling to Digital Bottlenecks: The Telecommunications Act of 1996, Antitrust Enforcement, and a Function-Specific Access Regime

Digital bottleneck regulation becomes governable only when access duties are attached to specific functions, backed by reviewable designation evidence, and supervised by institutions capable of enforcing technical terms over time.

A sustainable platform for federated health data access, AI innovation, and regulatory acceptance in alignment with the European Health Data Space principles

Federated health infrastructure preserves local custody of patient data, but legitimate secondary use still depends on independently reviewable access authority, cross-border policy reconciliation, and evidence of acceptable analytical outcomes.

The Agentic Web Requires New Normative Infrastructure

The paper successfully makes platform control over agent access a governance object, but its delegation-transparency-proportionality triad remains normative infrastructure in design form until access disputes have shared evidence, revocation, adjudication, and remedy.

Designing Agent IDs

An agent ID can make identity, provenance, and permission legible to a service, but it becomes governance infrastructure only when the authority behind those claims can be scoped, refreshed, revoked, contested, and independently trusted.

Accountable yet Anonymous AI Agents: Split-Knowledge Binding in China’s National Agent-Identity Layer

Split-knowledge identity can make an agent traceable without making its principal visible to business actors, but traceability becomes legitimate accountability only when tracing, revocation, delegated authority, and redress are independently governable.

Moving control does not remove the governance problem

External policy engines, registries, platform access controls and other control-plane mechanisms can make governance more executable while simultaneously concentrating authority in the institutions that operate those mechanisms.

Recent reviews repeatedly show that moving constraints outside an agent or application improves enforceability but does not establish the legitimacy, accountability or contestability of the new decision point.

Who governs the infrastructure that declares authority?

Registries, trust lists and resolver services can make issuer or agent authority legible, but the archive repeatedly leaves open how admission, suspension, update, appeal, operator accountability and conflicting authority sources should be governed.

A registry can improve provenance while simultaneously becoming a concentrated gatekeeper whose own authority and error-correction mechanisms determine who can participate.

Who decides when authoritative evidence conflicts?

Governance proposals increasingly improve provenance, verification and transparency without specifying how conflicting authenticity, authority or policy determinations are adjudicated when multiple institutions can make plausible claims.

Better evidence infrastructure can make disagreement more visible without resolving it. Without decision rights, evidentiary thresholds, correction procedures and appeal, a dispute can simply migrate into whichever institution controls the verification or access layer.

AI Agents and the Next Layer of India's Digital Infrastructure → Accountable yet Anonymous AI Agents: Split-Knowledge Binding in China’s National Agent-Identity Layer

Both reviews examine agent infrastructure through governance requirements around bounded authority, accountability and trust rather than agent capability alone.

Designing Agent IDs → Accountable yet Anonymous AI Agents: Split-Knowledge Binding in China’s National Agent-Identity Layer

Both distinguish agent identification and attribution from current, action-specific authority, while exposing registry, revocation and accountability dependencies.

Designing Agent IDs → A Verifier-Centric Conceptual Model for Digital Credential Ecosystems

Both place the receiving service or verifier at the point where identity and provenance evidence must be converted into an institutional acceptance or authorization decision.

Designing Loyalty: AI Agents and Conflicts of Interest → The Agentic Web Requires New Normative Infrastructure

Both treat user-authorized agent action as delegated authority rather than generic automation, while the agentic-web review adds platform gatekeeping power as a separate governance boundary over whether delegated entitlement can be exercised.